ABSTRACT
Background:Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality globally. The morbidity pattern of underfives with this condition is yet to be described. Objective: To describe the morbidity pattern of underfives with MAM.Method: Across sectional study was conducted in two Primary Health Centres in Uruan Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. Caregivers'brought children aged 6- 59 months to the health facilities following community mobilization. Eligible children were recruited into the study after obtaining parental consent. Avalidated proforma was used to obtain the biodata and symptoms of common illnesses in the children. Ageneral physical examination, anthropometric measurements and systemic examination were performed. Results: Atotal of 162 children were recruited into the study. Their mean (±SD) age was 20.4 ± 13.0 months. Over 70% of them were 6 - 23 months of age. Their mean (±SD) length/height was 77.3 ± 29.6 cm, mean (±SD) weight was 8.3 ± 3.4 kg and mean (±SD) mid upper arm circumference was 12.4 ± 4.5 cm. The main symptoms noted in the children were; fever 99 (61.1%), cough 84 (51.9%), weight loss 81 (50.0%), diarrhoea 40 (24.7%) and vomiting 40 (24.7%) while pallor 77 (47.5%), lymphadenopathy 56 (34.6%), hair changes 49 (30.2%), skin changes 27 (16.6%) were the main signs in them.Conclusion: The main symptomatology of underfives with MAM were fever, cough and weight loss
Subject(s)
Severe Acute MalnutritionABSTRACT
Managementofbloodglucoselevelisthehallmarkinthetreatmentofdiabetes.MuchworkhasnotbeendoneonthemanagementofdiabetesusingthestemtuberextractofColocasiaesculenta.TheobjectiveofthisstudywastoevaluatetheantihyperglycemicandhematologicalparameteronColocasiaesculentaaqueousstemextractinalloxaninduceddiabeticrats.Sixty(60)maleratswereusedinthestudy.Sevendaysofacclimatization,theratsweredividedrandomlyintosixgroupsoffiveineachgroup.Group1:Servedasnormalcontrol,Group2:Diabeticcontrolgroup(negativecontrol),Group3:Diabeticgroupand“Glucinorm-M80”(positivecontrol),Group4:Diabeticgroupandextractat200mg/kgbodyweight,Group5:Diabeticgroupandextractat400mg/kg,Group6:Diabeticgroupandextractat600mg/kg.Diabeteswasinducedinalbinoratsby intraperitonealinjectionofalloxanatasingledoseof120mg/kgbodyweightingroups2to6afterstarvingthemfor24hrs.Theanimalsweregivenfeedandwateradlibitum.ThealbinoratswereadministeredfortwentyeightdayswiththeaqueousColocasiaesculentastemtuber,afterwhichtheywerefastedovernight,anaesthetizedwithchloroformandsacrificed.Theresultshowedthattherewasasignificantincrease(p<0.05)inmeanbodyweightofthepositivecontrolandthetreatmentgroups(200mg/kgto600mg/kg)whencomparedwiththenegativecontrolwhichhasasignificantdecrease(p<0.05)inmeanbodyweight.Theresultalsoshowedasignificantincrease(P<0.05)intheconcentrationsofRBC,PCV,HB,whilePLTandMCHshowedsignificantdecrease(P<0.05)inthetreatmentgroupsandnegativecontrolgroupwhencomparedwiththenormalcontrolgroup.Alsotherewasanosignificant(P<0.05)differenceinMCHCofthetreatmentgroupswhencomparedwiththecontrolgroupandnegativecontrolgroup.Alsotherewasasignificantdifferenceinglycosylatehemoglobinofthetreatmentgroupswhencomparedwiththecontrolgroupandnegativegroup.ThisstudyhasdemonstratedthataqueousstemtuberextractofColocasiaesculentahasasignificantincreaseonbodyweightwhichmayhavearoleofimprovingthestatesofpossibleweightlossfollowingcomplicateddiabetes.Also,aqueousstemtuberextractofColocasiaesculentahasanameliorativeeffectonsugarlevelandsomehematologicalparametersofalloxaninduceddiabeticratsshowingeffectivediabeticcontrolandmanagementofdiabetes
ABSTRACT
This study examined the biochemical changes in serum of female albino rats administered aqueous extract of Piper guineense Schumach seeds extract. The test animals (groups 2, 3 and 4) received 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg of the extract respectively for 21 days, while group 1 served as control and received a placebo of 0.9% physiological saline which is the vehicle for administration. On the 22nd day the test animals which have been fasted overnight were sacrificed with chloroform anesthesia. Blood was collected through cardiac puncture. Results show that serum protein, albumin and packed cell volume concentration significantly (p≤0.05) increased. Creatinine and urea levels decreased (p≤0.05) significantly, 95% confidence level, while cholesterol profile decreased (p≤0.05) significantly, except HDL. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione-s-transferase, increased (p≤0.05) significantly, while lipid peroxidation decreased. This study has shown that nursing mothers in South East of Nigeria who use the Piper guineense Schumach seeds may derive immense benefit from its effect on the biochemical parameters assayed in this study.
ABSTRACT
Biochemical Changes in serum of male albino rats treated with aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus annus were examined. 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg of the extracts were administered orally and once daily to group I and group II of test animals respectively for 28 days. The third group which served as control received distilled water only. On the 29th day, the rats which had been fasted overnight were dissected under chloroform anaesthesia and blood was collected directly from their heart. The blood was allowed to clot and centrifuged to obtain serum which was kept in a refrigerator at - 200C until its usage for the analysis of the following parameters; alanine and aspartate transaminases, alkaline and acid phosphatases, haemoglobin concentration, high and low density lipoproteins. The result indicates significant (P<0.05) increases in AST, ALT and ACP levels in tests groups compared to the control animals. There were non-significant elevation in the concentration of ALP, HDL, LDL and haemoglobin. These results suggest that P amarus may be toxic if abused but if properly administered can be use for its medicinal values.
ABSTRACT
Biochemical Changes in serum of male albino rats treated with aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus were examined. 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg of the extracts were administered orally and once daily to group I and group II of test animals respectively for 28 days. The third group which served as control received distilled water only. On the 29th day, the rats which had been fasted overnight were dissected under chloroform anaesthesia and their blood collected directly by cardiac puncture. The blood was allowed to clot and centrifuged to obtain serum which was kept in a refrigerator at - 200C until its usage for the analysis of the following parameters; alanine and aspartate transaminases, alkaline and acid phosphatases, haemoglobin concentration, high and low density lipoproteins. The result indicates significant (P<0.05) increases in AST, ALT and ACP levels in tests groups compared to the control animals. There were non-significant elevation in the concentration of ALP, HDL, LDL and haemoglobin. These results suggest that P. amarus may be toxic if abused but when properly administered can be of use for its medicinal values.